RETAINING WALLS

1. Plan & Design

• Determine the wall height and length.
• Verify property lines and obtain permits if required.
• Contact utility locating services before digging.
• Choose the appropriate retaining wall block or material.

2. Excavate the Area

• Remove vegetation, topsoil, and unsuitable material.
• Excavate a trench wide enough for the wall blocks and drainage stone.
• Dig below grade to allow the first course to be buried (typically 6–12 inches, depending on wall height).

3. Prepare the Base

• Install 6–8 inches of crushed angular stone (¾-inch minus or similar).
• Compact the stone in lifts using a plate compactor.
• Check for level with a laser level or transit.
  

4. Install the First Course

• Set the first row of blocks carefully.
• Ensure every block is level front-to-back and side-to-side.
• This course determines the quality of the entire wall.

5. Install Drainage

• Place perforated drain pipe behind the wall with the outlet directed to daylight or an approved drainage location.
• Cover the pipe with clean drainage stone.
• Install filter fabric between the drainage stone and native soil to prevent clogging.
  

6. Build the Wall

• Stack additional courses according to the manufacturer's specifications.
• Stagger vertical joints for strength.
• Sweep debris from block tops before placing the next course.
• Check alignment and level frequently.

7. Install Geogrid (When Required)

• Walls over approximately 3–4 feet often require geogrid reinforcement.
• Lay geogrid according to the engineered design.
• Extend it into compacted backfill behind the wall.
  

8. Backfill & Compact

• Place clean crushed stone directly behind the wall.
• Backfill the remaining area with suitable soil.
• Compact in 6–8 inch lifts to minimize future settlement.

9. Finish the Wall

• Install cap blocks using landscape block adhesive if required.
• Grade the area to direct water away from the wall.
• Restore disturbed areas with topsoil, seed, mulch, or landscaping.